Bernard Emile

French painter who is sometimes credited with founding Cloisonnism (see also Pont-Aven school; Synthetism). He was noted for his friendships with such artists as Vincent van Gogh, Paul Gauguin, Odilon Redon, and Paul Cézanne. In 1886 Bernard went to Pont-Aven, where he theorized a Cloisonnist style of painting bold forms separated by dark contours that somewhat influenced Gauguin. He also did sculpture and woodcuts and designed furniture and tapestries. As a poet and writer, he studied religious mysticism and philosophy. Part of the fame of Cézanne and Redon rests on Bernard’s prophetic admiration of their early work. He toured Italy in 1894 and settled in Egypt for 10 years. Returning to France in 1904, he founded and edited the review La Rénovation Esthétique and published his correspondence with van Gogh, Gauguin, Redon, and Cézanne—a major contribution to the understanding of modern art.