* Russia. Lebedkin Ivan Sergeevich (LI).

Since 1700, Peter I laid the foundation for the system of assay supervision by regulating the entire process of hallmarking and trade in articles made of precious metals. Four gold and four silver tests were introduced. Brands with their personal names were introduced for craftsmen, with which they were obliged to stamp their products.

Lebedkin Ivan Sergeevich, mining engineer, active state councillor. He graduated from the Mining Institute (1883), after which he was seconded to the St. Petersburg Mint. He served in the Mining Department: Acting Senior Clerk of the Inspection Department (1884), Clerk (1895), Head (1897) of the Technical Department. Manager of the Moscow assay district (1899 - 1914). Active State Councilor (1913). His initials "IL" are on the hallmarks of the Moscow District Assay Office 1899–1908.